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翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク Activin type 2 receptors ： ウィキペディア英語版 Activin type 2 receptors The Activin type 2 receptors modulate signals for ligands belonging to the Transforming growth factor beta superfamily of ligands. These include: Activin (or Inhibin), Bone morphogenetic proteins and Nodal. They are involved in a host of physiological processes including, growth, cell differentiation, homeostasis, osteogenesis, apoptosis and many other functions. There are two Activin type two receptors: ACVR2A and ACVR2B. Despite the large amount of processes that these ligands regulate, they all operate through essentially the same pathway: A ligand binds to a Type two receptor, which recruits and trans-phosphorylates a type I receptor. The type I receptor recruits a receptor regulated SMAD (R-SMAD) which it phosphorylates. The RSMAD then translocates to the nucleus where it functions as a transcription factor. == Function == Several ligands that signal through the Activin type II receptors regulate muscle growth. Myostatin, a TGF-beta superfamily member, is a negative regulator of muscle growth.〔 Myostatin binds to ACVR2B and to a lesser extent ACVR2A. In mice that were ACVR2A −/− (null) mutants there was an increase in all four muscle groups studied (pectoralis, triceps, quadriceps, and gastrocnemious/plantaris muscles).〔 Two of these muscle groups (pectoralis and triceps) were increased in ACVR2B −/− (null) mutants.〔 Activin plays a significant role in reproduction. ACVR2 receptors are present in the testis during testicular development. ACR2A and ACVR2B was found to be localized primarily in the gonocytes as well as in sertoli cells.〔 These cells are responsive to both autocrine and paracrine Activin B signaling, which controls their proliferation.〔 Cells of the epididymis also have ACVR2A receptors present. ACVR2B receptors were found to be localized in the rete testis.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Activin type 2 receptors」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.